E mōhiotia ana te huruhuru muka uku he rauemi ātete wera, he matū motuhake e ātete ana ki te wera. Ko te huruhuru muka uku ātete wera he mea hanga ki te silicate konumohe, kei roto ko te muka i hangaia mai i ngā muka polycrystalline me te karāhe rewa. Hei rauemi pai mō te whakamahana, he maha ngā momo huruhuru muka uku, ā, ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā mahi maha.
He mea hanga te huruhuru muka uku ki ngā rauemi mata parakore teitei i muri i te rewa i te pāmahana teitei mā te tikanga pupuhi rehu, te whakakorenga waea rānei. He huruhuru muka uku ātete-kore, he pumau te mahi, he mama, he iti te kaha wera, ā, he pai te ātete ki te ru wera i te pāmahana teitei. He ātete ki te horo me te mimiti haruru. Ko te marara muka uku aesop te rauemi taketake o ngā hua raupapa muka uku aesop.
E ai ki te pāmahana mahi me ngā wāhanga matū o te papa muka uku, e ono ngā momo e taea te wehewehe.
| Hua Taonga | NOA | ST | HP | HA | HZ | |
| Te Pāmahana Whakarōpūtanga (ºC) | 1100 | 1260 | 1260 | 1360 | 1430 | |
| Te Pāmahana Mahi (ºC) | <1000 | 1050 | 1100 | 1200 | 1350 | |
| Tae | mā | mā | mā | mā | mā | |
| Dia muka (um) | Te pupuhi | 2~3 | 2~3 | 2~3 | 2~3 | 2~3 |
| E piu ana | 3~4.5 | 3~4.5 | 3~4.5 | 3~4.0 | 3~4.0 | |
| Te hanganga matū (%) | Al2O3 | 44 | 46 | 47~49 | 52~55 | 39~40 |
| Al2O3+SiO2 | 96 | 97 | 99 | 99 | – | |
| Al2O3+SiO2+ZrO2 | – | – | – | – | 99 | |
| ZrO2 | – | – | – | – | 15-17 | |
Kua tino rongonui te huruhuru muka uku mō ngā kaupapa whakamahana i ēnei rā. Tata ki te katoa o ngā kamupene e hiahia ana ki ēnei hua nā te mea e whakamahia ana hei whakahaere i te wera. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te huruhuru muka uku ātete e ngā pakihi maha e uru ana ki ngā mahi me ngā tukanga hanga e whakaputa ana, e whakamahi ana rānei i ngā pāmahana teitei. Ka whakamahia ēnei rauemi i roto i ngā tono maha, ā, he rerekē ngā momo. Ka whakamahia hoki te huruhuru muka uku whakamahana i ngā wāhi e whai ake nei.
He kaihanga huruhuru muka uku ngaio a RS refractory factory i whakatūria i te tīmatanga o ngā tau 90 o te rautau rua tekau. Neke atu i te 20 tau te wheketere RS refractory e tohunga ana ki te huruhuru muka uku refractory. Mena he hiahia tōu ki te huruhuru muka uku, he pātai rānei mō te huruhuru whakamahana muka uku e pā ana ki ngā tohu ā-tinana me te matū, tēnā whakapā mai ki a mātou mō te kore utu.